I am working with the Shallow Water equations that is a system of non-linear PDEs that simulate water waves propagation on some domain, in my cases the $x$-axis. I have here a GIF showing the results (is it possible to insert the GIF into the post? Because I have not figured out how). I will try to keep it short and what I am about to do is linearize the system below and then solve the linearized hyperbolic system analytically (my problem is how I should deal with the boundary conditions for the characteristic variables I obtain). So we have
$$ \begin{cases} h_{t} + (hv)_{x} = 0, \\[2mm] (hv)_{t} + (hv^{2} + \frac{1}{2}gh^{2})_{x} = 0, \\[2mm] \text{on} \quad (x,t)\in [0,L]\times[0,\infty) \end{cases} \quad \iff \begin{pmatrix}h \\ hv\end{pmatrix}_{t} + \begin{pmatrix}hv \\ hv^{2} + \frac{1}{2}gh^{2}\end{pmatrix}_{x} = u_{t} + f_{x}(u) = 0. $$
The initial and boundary conditions are given by
$$ \begin{cases} \text{Initial conditions:} \quad h(x,0) = H + \varepsilon e^{-(x-L/2)^{2}/w^{2}} \quad \text{and} \quad v(x,0) = 0, \\[2mm] \text{Boundary conditions:} \quad v(0) = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad v(L) = 0. \end{cases} $$
Now if a linearize this system around some constant state, say $u_{0} = (h_{0},h_{0}v_{0})$, then I get a hyperbolic system. If we denote
$$ q = u - u_{0} $$
the perturbation from this constant state, then we may linearize the system by the following approach:
$$ f(u) = \begin{pmatrix}hv \\ hv^{2} + \frac{1}{2}gh^{2}\end{pmatrix} = \left.\begin{cases} u_{1} &= h \\ u_{2} &= hv \end{cases}\right\} = \begin{pmatrix}u_{2} \\ \frac{u_{2}^{2}}{u_{1}} + \frac{1}{2}gu_{1}^{2}\end{pmatrix} \quad \implies f'(u) = \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1\\ - \frac{u_{2}^{2}}{u_{1}^{2}} + gu_{1} & 2\frac{u_{2}}{u_{1}}\end{pmatrix}. $$
If we evaluate $f'(u)$ in $u_{0}$ we obtain the linearized system matrix $A$,
$$ A = f'(u)\vert_{u=u_{0}} = \left.\begin{pmatrix}0 & 1\\ - \frac{u_{2}^{2}}{u_{1}^{2}} + gu_{1} & 2\frac{u_{2}}{u_{1}}\end{pmatrix}\right\vert_{u=u_{0}} = \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1\\ - v_{0}^{2} + gh_{0} & 2v_{0}\end{pmatrix}. $$
Furthermore if we choose $v_{0}=0$ we obtain the linearized system
$$ q_{t} + \begin{pmatrix}0 & 1\\ gh_{0} & 0\end{pmatrix}q_{x} = 0 $$
which can be seen to be hyperbolic. Now to my question: It is possible to transform this system and decouple it into the so called characteristic equations (these are two partial differential equations modeling advection). But what will the boundary conditions be for each of these equations? I have read in Leveque $\S$ 7.3 that these equations each have one boundary condition, but what are the domains of definition for each characteristic variable?Is it not still that $x\in[0,L]$? For me it seems that one bounary condition would not require each equation to stay in the interior.
Let me show in mathematical terms what I mean: After linearization we may transform the system by diagnoalizing $A$. We obtain
$$ A = \begin{pmatrix}\xi_{1} & \xi_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\lambda_{1} & 0 \\ 0 & \lambda_{2}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}\xi_{1} & \xi_{2}\end{pmatrix}^{-1} \quad \text{where} \quad \lambda_{1} = -\sqrt{gh_{0}},\; \xi_{1} = \begin{pmatrix}-1 \\ \sqrt{gh_{0}}\end{pmatrix},\; \lambda_{2} = \sqrt{gh_{0}},\; \xi_{2} = \begin{pmatrix}1 \\ \sqrt{gh_{0}}\end{pmatrix}. $$
Now if we denote $R = \begin{pmatrix}\xi_{1} & \xi_{2}\end{pmatrix}$ and set $z = R^{-1}q$ we obtain the decoupled system
$$ z_{t} + \begin{pmatrix}-\sqrt{gh_{0}} & 0 \\ 0 & \sqrt{gh_{0}}\end{pmatrix}z_{x} = z_{t} + \Lambda z_{x} = 0. $$
The initial conditions for this transformed system become
$$ \begin{cases} \text{Initial conditions:} \quad z(x,0) = R^{-1}u(x,0) = R^{-1}\begin{pmatrix}h(x,0)\\ h(x,0)v(x,0)\end{pmatrix} = \frac{1}{2}\begin{pmatrix}-1\\ 1\end{pmatrix}h(x,0) \end{cases}. $$
But what happens to the boundary conditions? Are they given by
$$ \begin{cases} \text{Boundary condition } x=0:\quad z(0,t) = R^{-1}u(0,t) = R^{-1}\begin{pmatrix}h(0,t)\\ h(0,t)v(0,t)\end{pmatrix} = \frac{1}{2}\begin{pmatrix}-1\\ 1\end{pmatrix}h(0,t), \\[2mm] \text{Boundary condition } x=L:\quad z(L,t) = R^{-1}u(L,t) = R^{-1}\begin{pmatrix}h(L,t)\\ h(L,t)v(L,t)\end{pmatrix} = \frac{1}{2}\begin{pmatrix}-1\\ 1\end{pmatrix}h(L,t)\;? \end{cases} $$
Because there is no boundary value prescribed for $h(0,t)$ or $h(L,t)$. So how do I go about solving this analytically from here, how do I treat reflecting boundary conditions like this on a finite domain for a system of hyberbolic equations?
\Best regrads
EDIT I show here the result I obtained for the linearized system:
As you can see the solution just flows through the boundaries. How do I prescribe values at the boundaries here exactly so that the waves reflect? I have found that for reflecting boundary conditions there are two relations (I do not know if this is mentioned in Leveque), namely
$$ \begin{align} z_{2}(0,t) = -z_{1}(0,t) \quad \text{and} \quad z_{1}(L,t) = -z_{2}(L,t), \end{align} $$
but I do not know how these two relations impose reflectiveboundary conditions or how to do it.
