Say I have a function $f : \mathbf{R}^3 \to \mathbf{R}$ that I wish to integrate over a tetrahedron $T \subset \mathbf{R}^3$. If $f$ was arbitrary, Gauss quadrature would be a good solution, but I happen to know that $f$ is harmonic. How much can Gauss quadrature be accelerated using this information?
For example, if $T$ was instead a sphere, evaluating $f$ once at the center of the sphere gives the exact answer by the mean value property.
A search turned up the following paper, which is interesting but generalizes the sphere case in a different direction (to polyharmonic instead of away from spheres):
Bojanov and Dimitrov, Gaussian extended cubature formulae for polyharmonic functions