I am trying to solve equation (6) of [Lakhina 2021][1], numerically, in Python, so that I can reproduce the potential profiles in Fig. 3 of [Lakhina 2021][1]. The Sagdeev potential expression is given by (7). [![enter image description here][2]][2][![enter image description here][3]][3] [![enter image description here][4]][4] Here is my attempt: ##Importing standard modules from scipy.integrate import odeint import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt ##Reconnection jet plasma parameters n1 = 0.74 n2 = 0.26 sig1 = 0.11 sig2 = 0.07 U1 = -1.72 U2 = 1.82 #Function for Sagdeev potential equation (fast) def S(phi, M): s = (1 - np.exp(phi)) + n1/(6*np.sqrt(3*sig1))*((M - U1 + np.sqrt(3*sig1))**3 - ((M - U1 + np.sqrt(3*sig1))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5 - (M - U1 - np.sqrt(3*sig1))**3 + ((M - U1 - np.sqrt(3*sig1))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5) + n2/(6*np.sqrt(3*sig2))*( (M - U2 + np.sqrt(3*sig2))**3 - ((M - U2 + np.sqrt(3*sig2))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5 - (M - U2 - np.sqrt(3*sig2))**3 + ((M - U2 - np.sqrt(3*sig2))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5) return s ##Solving the ode def model(phi, zeta, M): S = (1 - np.exp(phi)) + n1/(6*np.sqrt(3*sig1))*((M - U1 + np.sqrt(3*sig1))**3 - ((M - U1 + np.sqrt(3*sig1))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5 - (M - U1 - np.sqrt(3*sig1))**3 + ((M - U1 - np.sqrt(3*sig1))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5) + n2/(6*np.sqrt(3*sig2))*( (M - U2 + np.sqrt(3*sig2))**3 - ((M - U2 + np.sqrt(3*sig2))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5 - (M - U2 - np.sqrt(3*sig2))**3 + ((M - U2 - np.sqrt(3*sig2))**2 - 2*phi)**1.5) dphi_dzeta = -np.sqrt(-2*S) return dphi_dzeta #Boundary conditions phi0 = 0.023 phi_array = np.linspace(-0.01, 0.06, 1000) zeta_array = np.linspace(-16, 16, 1000) Phi = odeint(model, phi0, zeta_array, args = (2.57,)) ##Plotting plt.figure(2) plt.axhline(0, color = 'k', lw = 1) plt.axvline(0, color = 'k', lw = 1) plt.plot(zeta_array, Phi, label = "M = 2.55") plt.xlabel("$\zeta$") plt.ylabel("S($\phi$, M)") plt.legend() Ouput: [![enter image description here][5]][5] May you please assist? I am really not sure where I am going wrong. Thank you in advance. [1]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117721003112 [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/AKLQL.png [3]: https://i.sstatic.net/j8Zrk.png [4]: https://i.sstatic.net/VPMR6.png [5]: https://i.sstatic.net/l499T.png