Think of the simplest case when $\Phi$ is a skalar value.

Not well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0)^{-1}0^T ~ y = \frac{1}{0} 0~y= \frac{0}{0} $$

Well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0 + \kappa)^{-1}0^T~y =\frac{1}{\kappa} 0 ~y= 0 $$

Think of the simplest case when $\Phi$ is a scalar value.

Not well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0)^{-1}0^T ~ y = \frac{1}{0} 0~y= \frac{0}{0} $$

Well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0 + \kappa)^{-1}0^T~y =\frac{1}{\kappa} 0 ~y= 0 $$

Think of the simplest case when $\Phi$ is a skalar value.

Not well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0)^{-1}0^T ~ y = \frac{1}{0} 0~y= \frac{0}{0} $$

Well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0 + \kappa)^{-1}0^T~y =\frac{1}{\kappa} 0 ~y= 0 $$

Think of the simplest case when $\Phi$ is a skalar value.

Not well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0)^{-1}0^T ~ y = \frac{1}{0} 0~y= \frac{0}{0} $$

Well defined:

$$ \boldsymbol \theta^\text{ML} = (0^T 0 + \kappa)^{-1}0^T~y =\frac{1}{\kappa} 0 ~y= 0 $$